Anyone suggest a glue that won't let loose when it gets hot.
Paul, please excuse my comments if the following is part of your previous knowledge. I include it not only for the possibility you may benefit but others too.
As has been mentioned above, excessive sanding heat results from too much pressure, too much speed, or a combination of the two. Anyone who sands needs to learn proper techniques to work with the tools (sanding mandrels and "paper"). When tools fail in ways uncharacteristically from their intended life span, something is wrong with application - assuming well designed and manufactured tools. Consider sanding grit as you would a turning gouge; you wouldn't press a gouge hard against the wood to make it cut nor would you turn at the highest speeds. Sanding materials need the same considerations.
If you are generating excessive heat, lessen the friction by using lower rpm on the sanding tool or lathe speed; lighten your pressure against the surface you are sanding; or do both. You may also need to learn the zen of sanding and incorporate a lesson in patience.
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If after the above suggestions are followed the sanding isn't working well, you may need to begin with a coarser grit material. The initial grit should remove the tool marks or shape the surface with relative ease. All grits after that first one are merely removing the previous sanding grit's telltale marks. Jumping to finer grits too early only extends the process and wears out the materials before they can perform their job. Too, don't skip grits. Follow the sequence of the grit grading. A general rule is to choose the next finer grit that is no more than twice the number on your last material. For example, if you finish with 120, the next material should be no higher than 240. Most people would choose a 220 but some may even go to a smaller increment of 180.
Once the methodology is learned, the tiresome aspect of sanding becomes the frequent changing of the grits and attention to sanding techniques so as not to harm details.