I've found CA to be just as permanent as any other glue and don't use anything else for most turnings. Then again, I haven't done any segmented stuff and don't turn pens. CA has worked with several large pieces with wind splits up to 1/16" thick at points. Sometimes get too much on my fingers, but it all comes off within 24 hours.
I use waterproof Tightbond for gluing up hat blocks before turning. They end up getting a lot of steam applied to the hats put on them once they get out into the real world.
The only other glue I use is Gorilla Glue for fixing the splits that develop in the rubber part of 2" and 3" power sanding disk arbor/pads. A little moisture and some of that stuff will make the thing have another life or two.